从3个层次教你领会雅思阅读精髓

在雅思(课程)阅读的复习过程中，很多老师都强调在做完文章之后要精读雅思阅读文章。今天小编给大家带来了从3个层次教你领会雅思阅读精髓,希望能够帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧

从3个层次教你领会雅思阅读精髓

“精读”的“精”字是最值得推敲的，“精”如果换句话说就是理解，其包括了几个方面，一个是文章单词词义的理解，一个是句子分析上的理解，最后一个是文章结构上的理解。

首先来看一下文章单词词义上的理解。这个理解层面是最基础的。因为要读懂一篇文章在说什么，自然要知道每句话的意思，但是每句话意思的理解又是建立在每 个单词的理解上。所以我们说要做好阅读，词汇量一直都是强调的重点。

精读雅思阅读文章，第一步就是把文章中的生词都解决掉。换句话说，就是利用字典把文章 中不认识的单词都查出来。我们以剑4上TEST1的PASSAGE1这篇文章为例。这篇文章是讲一个调查研究关于孩子们对热带雨林的了解状况。

文章的第一 句话Adults and children are frequently confronted with statements about the alarming rate of loss of tropical rainforests. 这句话中常见的不认识的单词可能有confronted, statements, alarming 和tropical rainforests. 所以要理解句子，我们就要把这几个单词的意思在字典中查找出来。Confront是指面临、遭遇，statement是指声明、陈述，alarming是 指令人担忧的，令人震惊的，tropical rainforest是指热带雨林。查找完这些词的意思仅是第一步，因为光是把意思查找出来记忆并不深刻，所以建议大家可以准备一本单词本，专门记录文章 中不认识的单词。但是记录下来还没有完成文章词义的理解，我们还要去具体分析一下这些词，尤其是动词，要注意查找其同义词和反义词。

例如confront 这个词是一个动词，它的同义词有encounter, 意思都有遭遇，对抗的意思，但是区别有encounter常用于军事方面。Statement是一个名词，它是state加ment，由动词state变 成名词，其同义词有announcement、declaration等。而动词state除了有声明、陈述的意思以外，还有作为名词州、国家以及形容词 国家的，国有的，正式的等含义。

而alarming则是由动词alarm加上ing变成形容词，alarm的意思是恐吓、警告，同时也有名词意义为警报、 恐慌。最后tropical的意思是热带的，tropical rainforest为热带雨林，那么可以引申出其他的类似词汇，例如温带就是temperate zone, 寒带就是frigid zone，极地就是polar region。

从一个词汇可以引申出一系列的词汇，尤其是同义词，这在以后的阅读理解上也是非常有帮助的，因为雅思阅读很多时候都是在考察学生的 paraphrasing同义转换的能力。所以如果在精读词汇的时候有意识的去学习和认识同义词，对阅读能力的提高大有裨益。当然在精读的单词挑选上我们 也有一定的原则，并不是所有的单词都值得去精读。主要挑选的单词最好是具有普遍含义的动词、形容词，其次是副词和名词。而那些比较难比较偏的名词是不适合 精读的，基本上以认知为主就可以。

第二个层次的精读是句子的分析和理解。句子的分析和理解最好是结合题目来做。因为之前已经做过题目也 对过答案，因此对于答案与文章对应的句子应该有所了解，那么分析起来就更具有针对性。

同样以上文提到的文章为例。这篇文章的第四题是一道判断题，题目为 The fact that children’s ideas about science form part of a larger framework of ideas means that it is easier to change them. 题目的意思是孩子们关于科学的观点是融合在一个比较大的想法框架中的，这个事实意味着如果要改变孩子们的观点也还是相对容易的。

这道题目在文章中对对应的相关句子是These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organized, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. 这句话是一句难句，中间有不少的插入成分来影响我们对句子的理解，但是如果我们从句子主干开始分析，一步一步，就能把整个脉络梳理清楚。

这句话的主语是 misconceptions, 这些错误的观点或想法，然后用了一个not….but…的结构，告示我们这种错误的观点不会是一直孤立的，而是会合并到一个框架体系 中，framework之前的multifaceted, but organized, conceptual都是修饰这个framework的特征的，也就是这个框架体系是多方面的，有序的以及有概念系统的。

接下来的句子则要理解2个代词所指代的意义，一个是making it 中的it, 还有一个是some of which 中的which. It 指的是一个单数名词概念，而它之前就一个单数名词，就是framework, 而which 前离它最近的名词是ideas， 所以它所指代的就是component ideas. 搞清楚了这2个代词所指代的内容，后面半句话也就容易理解了，意思是可以使这个概念体系及构成这个体系的思想——其中一部分是错误的——更加健全，同时也 更加容易得到修正。

从这个分析上来看，题目的意思和文章相关句子的意思一致，所以判断题目是TRUE，正确的。因此要分析清楚雅思阅读文章的句子结构，最 有效的方法还是从句子的主干着手，然后再分析其修饰成分，然后再用中文的思路去组织句意。当然重点分析的句子还是以与题目相关的句子为主，有些比较简单的 句子就不需要花太多时间。

最后是一个更高程度的精读要求，是对基础比较好的学生来说应该去学会的一种精读方法，也就是要从文章的宏观结 构上去分析。雅思阅读文章大多是学术类气息浓厚的文章，因此多以说明文和议论文为主，而内容上也多关于调查研究报告，实验结果，课题研究以及其他自然原理 现象说明的内容。

所以文章结构很多会有类似。如果能分析出相似题材的文章结构，那么对做目前来说大家都头疼的段落细节配对题是有很大的帮助的。同样以雨林 那篇文章为例。

这篇文章是比较典型的调查研究报告类说明文，文章的结构脉络比较清晰。在经过上面两步骤的精读后，对文章的内容理解应该已经不成问题，现在 要做的就是去掉外皮，将其骨骼提炼出来。

文章分为11个小段落，前3段是调查研究的背景介绍，后面的4到9段介绍了调查的具体内容，也就是5个开放式问题 孩子们给出的答案及分析，最后2段进行了总结和对接下来调查的预期。所以文章的总体结构和调查研究报告类文章是类似的，背景介绍——调查具体内容结果—— 总结预测，以后如果遇到类似的调查研究报告类文章最有可能的行文结构也是这样，那么如果出了相关的段落细节配对题就可以利用文章结构快速定位相关的段落然 后再进行选择，有了正确的范围，那么正确率也就大大提高了。

雅思考试阅读模拟试题及答案解析

Time to cool it

1 REFRIGERATORS are the epitome of clunky technology: solid, reliable and just a little bit dull. They have not changed much over the past century, but then they have not needed to. They are based on a robust and effective idea--draw heat from the thing you want to cool by evaporating a liquid next to it, and then dump that heat by pumping the vapour elsewhere and condensing it. This method of pumping heat from one place to another served mankind well when refrigerators' main jobs were preserving food and, as air conditioners, cooling buildings. Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.

2 One set of candidates are known as paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current. This effect is used in infra-red cameras. An array of tiny pieces of paraelectric material can sense the heat radiated by, for example, a person, and the pattern of the array's electrical outputs can then be used to construct an image. But until recently no one had bothered much with the inverse of this process. That inverse exists, however. Apply an appropriate current to a paraelectric material and it will cool down.

3 Someone who is looking at this inverse effect is Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications.

4 As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges and air conditioners. The real money, though, may be in cooling computers.

5 Gadgets containing microprocessors have been getting hotter for a long time. One consequence of Moore's Law, which describes the doubling of the number of transistors on a chip every 18 months, is that the amount of heat produced doubles as well. In fact, it more than doubles, because besides increasing in number, the components are getting faster. Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output. And the frequency has doubled a lot. The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second. The Pentium 4--the last "single-core" desktop processor--clocked up 3.2 billion cycles a second.

6 Disposing of this heat is a big obstruction to further miniaturisation and higher speeds. The innards of a desktop computer commonly hit 80℃. At 85℃, they stop working. Tweaking the processor's heat sinks (copper or aluminium boxes designed to radiate heat away) has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems that divided processing power between first two, and then four, subunits, in order to spread the thermal load, also seems to have the end of the road in sight.

7 One way out of this may be a second curious physical phenomenon, the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.

8 The trick to a good thermoelectric material is a crystal structure in which electrons can flow freely, but the path of phonons--heat-carrying vibrations that are larger than electrons--is constantly interrupted. In practice, this trick is hard to pull off, and thermoelectric materials are thus less efficient than paraelectric ones (or, at least, than those examined by Dr Mischenko). Nevertheless, Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃. Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller--so small that they can go inside the chip.

9 The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator. Last year Apple launched a personal computer that is cooled by liquid that is pumped through little channels in the processor, and thence to a radiator, where it gives up its heat to the atmosphere. To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place. In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers. The old, as it were, hand in hand with the new.

Questions 1-5　　Complete each of the following statements with the scientist or company name from the box below.

Write the appropriate letters A-F in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

A. Apple

B. IBM

C. Intel

D. Alex Mischenko

E. Ali Shakouri

F. Rama Venkatasubramanian

1. ...and his research group use paraelectric film available from the market to produce cooling.

2. ...sold microprocessors running at 60m cycles a second in 1993.

3. ...says that he has made refrigerators which can cool the hotspots of computer chips by 10℃.

4. ...claims to have made a refrigerator small enough to be built into a computer chip.

5. ...attempts to produce better cooling in personal computers by stirring up liquid with tiny jets to make sure maximum heat exchange.

Questions 6-9　　Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?

In boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet write

TRUE if the statement is true according to the passage

FALSE if the statement is false according to the passage

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

6. Paraelectric materials can generate a current when electrodes are attached to them.

7. Dr. Mischenko has successfully applied his laboratory discovery to manufacturing more efficient referigerators.

8. Doubling the frequency of logical operations inside a microprocessor doubles the heat output.

9. IBM will achieve better computer cooling by combining microchannels with paraelectrics.

Question 10　　Choose the appropriate letters A-D and write them in box 10 on your answer sheet.

10. Which method of disposing heat in computers may have a bright prospect?

A. Tweaking the processors?heat sinks.

B. Tweaking the fans that circulate air over the processor抯 heat sinks.

C. Shifting from single-core processors to systems of subunits.

D. None of the above.

Questions 11-14　　Complete the notes below.

Choose one suitable word from the Reading Passage above for each answer.

Write your answers in boxes 11-14 on your answer sheet.

Traditional refrigerators use...11...pumps to drop temperature. At present, scientists are searching for other methods to produce refrigeration, especially in computer microprocessors....12...materials have been tried to generate temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded. ...13...effect has also been adopted by many researchers to cool hotspots in computers. A miniature version of a car ...14... may also be a system to realize ideal computer cooling in the future.

Key and Explanations:

1. D

See Paragraph 3: ...Alex Mischenko, of Cambridge University. Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops...

2. C

See Paragraph 5: The first Pentium chips sold by Dr Moore's company, Intel, in 1993, ran at 60m cycles a second.

3. F

See Paragraph 8: ...Rama Venkatasubramanian, of Nextreme Thermal Solutions in North Carolina, claims to have made thermoelectric refrigerators that can sit on the back of computer chips and cool hotspots by 10℃.

4. E

See Paragraph 8: Ali Shakouri, of the University of California, Santa Cruz, says his are even smaller梥o small that they can go inside the chip.

5. B

See Paragraph 9: To improve on this, IBM's research laboratory in Zurich is experimenting with tiny jets that stir the liquid up and thus make sure all of it eventually touches the outside of the channel--the part where the heat exchange takes place.

6. TRUE

See Paragraph 2: ...paraelectric materials. These act like batteries when they undergo a temperature change: attach electrodes to them and they generate a current.

7. FALSE

See Paragraph 3 (That may be enough to change the phenomenon from a laboratory curiosity to something with commercial applications. ) and Paragraph 4 (As to what those applications might be, Dr Mischenko is still a little hazy. He has, nevertheless, set up a company to pursue them. He foresees putting his discovery to use in more efficient domestic fridges?

8. FALSE

See Paragraph 5: Heat is released every time a logical operation is performed inside a microprocessor, so the faster the processor is, the more heat it generates. Doubling the frequency quadruples the heat output.

9. NOT GIVEN

See Paragraph 9: In the future, therefore, a combination of microchannels and either thermoelectrics or paraelectrics might cool computers.

10. D

See Paragraph 6: Tweaking the processor's heat sinks ?has reached its limit. So has tweaking the fans that circulate air over those heat sinks. And the idea of shifting from single-core processors to systems?also seems to have the end of the road in sight.

11. heat

See Paragraph 1: Today's high-tech world, however, demands high-tech refrigeration. Heat pumps are no longer up to the job. The search is on for something to replace them.

12. paraelectric

See Paragraph 3: Using commercially available paraelectric film, he and his colleagues have generated temperature drops five times bigger than any previously recorded.

13. thermoelectric

See Paragraph 7: ...the thermoelectric effect. Like paraelectric materials, this generates electricity from a heat source and produces cooling from an electrical source. Unlike paraelectrics, a significant body of researchers is already working on it.

14. radiator

See Paragraph 9: The last word in computer cooling, though, may go to a system even less techy than a heat pump--a miniature version of a car radiator.